![]() Metabolic regulation of neocortical expansion in development and evolution. Vascularisation of the central nervous system. Compartment-specific transcription factors orchestrate angiogenesis gradients in the embryonic brain. A common embryonic origin of stem cells drives developmental and adult neurogenesis. ![]() Cortical astrocytes develop in a plastic manner at both clonal and cellular levels. Distinct progenitor behavior underlying neocortical gliogenesis related to tumorigenesis. Autoradiographic study of cell migration during histogenesis of cerebral cortex in mouse. Behavior and lineage progression of neural progenitors in the mammalian cortex. Proliferation control in neural stem and progenitor cells. The glial nature of embryonic and adult neural stem cells. ![]() Deterministic progenitor behavior and unitary production of neurons in the neocortex. Neurovascular congruence during cerebral cortical development. Radial glial neural progenitors regulate nascent brain vascular network stabilization via inhibition of Wnt signaling. Neurovascular communication during CNS development. Together, these results suggest that specific metabolic states and metabolites coordinately regulate vasculature formation and progenitor behavior in neocortical development. Moreover, lactate production enhances RGP proliferation by maintaining mitochondrial length. Consequently, they consume glucose in anaerobic metabolism and produce a high level of lactate, which promotes vessel growth. Symmetrically dividing, proliferative RGPs preferentially express a cohort of genes that support glucose uptake and anaerobic glycolysis. Systematic single-cell metabolic state analysis revealed that RGPs and their progeny exhibit distinct metabolic features associated with specific cell types and lineage progression statuses. RGPs undergo a highly organized lineage progression program to produce diverse neural progeny. Here we show that robust metabolic production of lactate by radial glial progenitors (RGPs) co-regulates vascular development and RGP division behavior in the developing mouse neocortex. However, the mechanisms coordinating neural progenitor behavior and vessel growth remain largely elusive. Proper neural progenitor behavior in conjunction with orderly vasculature formation is fundamental to the development of the neocortex.
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